額顳葉失智症：修订间差异

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'''额颞叶痴呆症'''( '''FTD''' ) 是一组累及[[額葉|额叶]]和[[颞叶]]的[[失智症|痴呆]]症<ref name="ICD11">{{Cite web|title=ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f831337417 |website=icd.who.int |access-date=2020-10-17 |archive-date=2018-08-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180801205234/https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en%23/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/294762853#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f831337417 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Sem2019">{{Cite journal|display-authors=et al |last2=Marshall |first2=CR |last3=Agustus |first3=JL |title=Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review. |journal=Seminars in Neurology |date=April 2019 |volume=39 |issue=2 |doi=10.1055/s-0039-1683379 |pmid=30925617 |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2021-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828091416/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |url-status=live |last=Sivasathiaseelan|first=H|page=251–263}}</ref>。 主要症状一般是行为或[[語言|语言]] 能力的改变<ref name="Sem2019" />。可能包括[[人格]]的改变、[[冷漠|缺乏同情心]]、重复性行为、[[词汇|词汇量]]减少和语言理解能力下降<ref name="ICD11" /> <ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last2=De Jesus |first2=O |title=Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia |date=January 2021 |pmid=32644712|last=Khan|first=I}}</ref>。这些症状早期缓慢出现并在数年内恶化<ref name="Fing2016">{{Cite journal|title=Frontotemporal Dementias. |journal=Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) |date=April 2016 |volume=22 |issue=2 Dementia |doi=10.1212/CON.0000000000000300 |pmid=27042904|last=Finger|first=EC|page=464-89}}</ref>。记忆和运动功能通常不受影响<ref name="ICD11" />。


该病病因不明<ref name="Card2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cardarelli R, Kertesz A, Knebl JA|title=Frontotemporal dementia: a review for primary care physicians|journal=Am Fam Physician|volume=82|issue=11|date=December 2010|pmid=21121521|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|access-date=2014-08-31|archive-date=2021-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304184746/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|url-status=live|page=1372–7}}</ref>。风险因素包括痴呆症家族史、[[頭部外傷|头外伤]]和[[甲狀腺疾病|甲状腺疾病]]<ref name="Sem2019" /> <ref name="Stat2021" />。病理机制涉及[[神經元|神经元]]的损失，特别是[[纺锤体神经元]]的损失<ref name="Stat2021" /> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Brain Cells for Socializing|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/brain-cells-for-socializing-133855450/?no-ist=&onsite_medium=internallink&page=3|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322153130/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/brain-cells-for-socializing-133855450/?no-ist=&onsite_medium=internallink&page=3|archive-date=22 March 2021|access-date=30 October 2015|website=Smithsonian}}</ref>。额颞叶痴呆症有多种类型，其中三种主要的临床表型为行为异常型额颞叶痴呆 (bvFTD) ，语义性痴呆(svPPA) 和进行性非流利失语(nfvPPA)。后二者是原发性进行性失语症的两种亚型 <ref name="Sem2019" /> <ref name="UK2021">{{Cite web|title=What is frontotemporal dementia |url=https://www.dementiauk.org/understanding-dementia/types-and-symptoms/frontotemporal-dementia/ |website=Dementia UK |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417115012/https://www.dementiauk.org/understanding-dementia/types-and-symptoms/frontotemporal-dementia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。与额颞叶痴呆症相关的运动功能障碍疾病有进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节综合征和 FTD 伴[[肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症|肌萎缩侧索硬化症]](FTD-ALS)<ref name="Fing2016" />。
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'''额颞叶痴呆症'''( '''FTD''' ) 是一组累及[[額葉|额叶]]和[[颞叶]]的[[失智症|痴呆]]症。 <ref name="ICD11">{{Cite web|title=ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f831337417 |website=icd.who.int |access-date=2020-10-17 |archive-date=2018-08-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180801205234/https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en%23/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/294762853#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f831337417 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Sem2019">{{Cite journal|display-authors=et al |last2=Marshall |first2=CR |last3=Agustus |first3=JL |title=Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review. |journal=Seminars in Neurology |date=April 2019 |volume=39 |issue=2 |doi=10.1055/s-0039-1683379 |pmid=30925617 |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2021-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828091416/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |url-status=live |last=Sivasathiaseelan|first=H|page=251–263}}</ref> 主要症状一般是行为或[[語言|语言]] 能力的改变。 <ref name="Sem2019">{{cite journal |display-authors=et al |last1=Sivasathiaseelan |first1=H |last2=Marshall |first2=CR |last3=Agustus |first3=JL |title=Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review. |journal=Seminars in Neurology |date=April 2019 |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=251–263 |doi=10.1055/s-0039-1683379 |pmid=30925617 |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2021-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828091416/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |url-status=live }}</ref>可能包括[[人格]]的改变、[[冷漠|缺乏同情心]]、重复性行为、[[词汇|词汇量]]减少和语言理解能力下降。 <ref name="ICD11">{{cite web |title=ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f831337417 |website=icd.who.int |access-date=2020-10-17 |archive-date=2018-08-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180801205234/https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en%23/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/294762853#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f831337417 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last2=De Jesus |first2=O |title=Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia |date=January 2021 |pmid=32644712|last=Khan|first=I}}</ref>这些症状早期缓慢出现并在数年内恶化。 <ref name="Fing2016">{{Cite journal|title=Frontotemporal Dementias. |journal=Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) |date=April 2016 |volume=22 |issue=2 Dementia |doi=10.1212/CON.0000000000000300 |pmid=27042904|last=Finger|first=EC|page=464-89}}</ref>记忆和运动功能通常不受影响。 <ref name="ICD11">{{cite web |title=ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics |url=https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f831337417 |website=icd.who.int |access-date=2020-10-17 |archive-date=2018-08-01 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180801205234/https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en%23/http://id.who.int/icd/entity/294762853#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f831337417 |url-status=live }}</ref>


额颞叶痴呆症没有特定的治疗方法<ref name="Card2010" />。社会支持、行为治疗和[[言語治療|言语治疗]] 等可以帮助管理额颞叶痴呆症的症状<ref name="Stat2021" />。一些药物， 包括[[选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂|SSRIs]] 、[[抗精神病药]]和[[加兰他敏]]也可能会改善症状<ref name="Card2010" />。许多治疗方法正在研究中<ref name="Stat2021" />。诊断后的平均[[预期寿命]]为 7.5 年<ref name="Stat2021" />。
该病病因不明。 <ref name="Card2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cardarelli R, Kertesz A, Knebl JA|title=Frontotemporal dementia: a review for primary care physicians|journal=Am Fam Physician|volume=82|issue=11|date=December 2010|pmid=21121521|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|access-date=2014-08-31|archive-date=2021-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304184746/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|url-status=live|page=1372–7}}</ref>风险因素包括痴呆症家族史、[[頭部外傷|头外伤]]和[[甲狀腺疾病|甲状腺疾病]]。 <ref name="Sem2019">{{Cite journal|display-authors=et al |last2=Marshall |first2=CR |last3=Agustus |first3=JL |title=Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review. |journal=Seminars in Neurology |date=April 2019 |volume=39 |issue=2 |doi=10.1055/s-0039-1683379 |pmid=30925617 |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2021-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828091416/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |url-status=live |last=Sivasathiaseelan|first=H|page=251–263}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSivasathiaseelanMarshallAgustus2019">Sivasathiaseelan, H; Marshall, CR; Agustus, JL; et&nbsp;al. (April 2019). [https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 "Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review"]. ''Seminars in Neurology''. <b>39</b> (2): 251–263. [[doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1055%2Fs-0039-1683379 10.1055/s-0039-1683379]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30925617 30925617]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210828091416/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 Archived] from the original on 2021-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-30</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last2=De Jesus |first2=O |title=Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia |date=January 2021 |pmid=32644712|last=Khan|first=I}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKhanDe_Jesus2021">Khan, I; De Jesus, O (January 2021). "Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia". [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32644712 32644712].</cite><span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:cite journal|cite journal]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;journal=</code> ([[Help:CS1 errors#missing_periodical|help]])</span></ref>病理机制涉及[[神經元|神经元]]的损失，特别是[[纺锤体神经元]]的损失。 <ref name="Stat2021">{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=I |last2=De Jesus |first2=O |title=Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia |date=January 2021 |pmid=32644712}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Brain Cells for Socializing|url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/brain-cells-for-socializing-133855450/?no-ist=&onsite_medium=internallink&page=3|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210322153130/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/brain-cells-for-socializing-133855450/?no-ist=&onsite_medium=internallink&page=3|archive-date=22 March 2021|access-date=30 October 2015|website=Smithsonian}}</ref>额颞叶痴呆症有多种类型，其中三种主要的临床表型为行为异常型额颞叶痴呆 (bvFTD) ，语义性痴呆(svPPA) 和进行性非流利失语(nfvPPA)。后二者是原发性进行性失语症的两种亚型 <ref name="Sem2019">{{cite journal |display-authors=et al |last1=Sivasathiaseelan |first1=H |last2=Marshall |first2=CR |last3=Agustus |first3=JL |title=Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review. |journal=Seminars in Neurology |date=April 2019 |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=251–263 |doi=10.1055/s-0039-1683379 |pmid=30925617 |url=https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |access-date=2020-12-30 |archive-date=2021-08-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828091416/https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/57968 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref name="UK2021">{{Cite web|title=What is frontotemporal dementia |url=https://www.dementiauk.org/understanding-dementia/types-and-symptoms/frontotemporal-dementia/ |website=Dementia UK |access-date=19 October 2020 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417115012/https://www.dementiauk.org/understanding-dementia/types-and-symptoms/frontotemporal-dementia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>。与额颞叶痴呆症相关的运动功能障碍疾病有进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节综合征和 FTD 伴[[肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症|肌萎缩侧索硬化症]](FTD-ALS)。 <ref name="Fing2016">{{Cite journal|title=Frontotemporal Dementias. |journal=Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) |date=April 2016 |volume=22 |issue=2 Dementia |doi=10.1212/CON.0000000000000300 |pmid=27042904|last=Finger|first=EC|page=464-89}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFinger2016">Finger, EC (April 2016). "Frontotemporal Dementias". ''Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)''. <b>22</b> (2 Dementia): 464–89. [[doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1212%2FCON.0000000000000300 10.1212/CON.0000000000000300]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27042904 27042904].</cite></ref>


每年每十万40岁、50岁以及60岁人中，额颞叶痴呆症的新发病例分别是2人、3人 以及9人 <ref name="Stat2021" />。65 岁以下人群中的发病率仅低于[[阿茲海默症|阿尔茨海默病]](AD)<ref name="Fing2016" />。 好发年龄是40 到 60 岁<ref name="Fing2016" />。男女发病概率相同<ref name="Fing2016" />。 1892 年阿诺德·皮克 (Arnold Pick) 首次描述了该病，因此额颞叶痴呆症最初被称为''皮克病''。目前皮克病专指行为异常型额颞叶痴呆 (bvFTD)<ref name="NIA2020">{{Cite web|title=What are the Different Types of Frontotemporal Disorders?|url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/types-frontotemporal-disorders|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709165659/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/types-frontotemporal-disorders|archive-date=9 July 2021|access-date=1 November 2020|website=National Institute on Aging|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Card2010" />。
额颞叶痴呆症没有特定的治疗方法。 <ref name="Card2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cardarelli R, Kertesz A, Knebl JA|title=Frontotemporal dementia: a review for primary care physicians|journal=Am Fam Physician|volume=82|issue=11|date=December 2010|pmid=21121521|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|access-date=2014-08-31|archive-date=2021-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304184746/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|url-status=live|page=1372–7}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCardarelliKerteszKnebl2010">Cardarelli R, Kertesz A, Knebl JA (December 2010). [http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html "Frontotemporal dementia: a review for primary care physicians"]. ''Am Fam Physician''. <b>82</b> (11): 1372–7. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21121521 21121521]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210304184746/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html Archived] from the original on 2021-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-31</span></span>.</cite></ref>社会支持、行为治疗和[[言語治療|言语治疗]] 等可以帮助管理额颞叶痴呆症的症状。 <ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last2=De Jesus |first2=O |title=Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia |date=January 2021 |pmid=32644712|last=Khan|first=I}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKhanDe_Jesus2021">Khan, I; De Jesus, O (January 2021). "Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia". [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32644712 32644712].</cite><span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:cite journal|cite journal]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;journal=</code> ([[Help:CS1 errors#missing_periodical|help]])</span></ref>一些药物， 包括[[选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂|SSRIs]] 、[[抗精神病药]]和[[加兰他敏]]也可能会改善症状。 <ref name="Card2010">{{cite journal|vauthors=Cardarelli R, Kertesz A, Knebl JA|title=Frontotemporal dementia: a review for primary care physicians|journal=Am Fam Physician|volume=82|issue=11|pages=1372–7|date=December 2010|pmid=21121521|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|access-date=2014-08-31|archive-date=2021-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304184746/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|url-status=live}}</ref>许多治疗方法正在研究中。 <ref name="Stat2021">{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=I |last2=De Jesus |first2=O |title=Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia |date=January 2021 |pmid=32644712}}</ref>诊断后的平均[[预期寿命]]为 7.5 年。 <ref name="Stat2021">{{cite journal |last1=Khan |first1=I |last2=De Jesus |first2=O |title=Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia |date=January 2021 |pmid=32644712}}</ref>

每年每十万40岁、50岁以及60岁人中，额颞叶痴呆症的新发病例分别是2人、3人 以及9人 。<ref name="Stat2021">{{Cite journal|last2=De Jesus |first2=O |title=Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia |date=January 2021 |pmid=32644712|last=Khan|first=I}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFKhanDe_Jesus2021">Khan, I; De Jesus, O (January 2021). "Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia". [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32644712 32644712].</cite><span data-ve-ignore="true"> </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true"><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:cite journal|cite journal]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: </span><span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment" data-ve-ignore="true">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;journal=</code> ([[Help:CS1 errors#missing_periodical|help]])</span></ref>65 岁以下人群中的发病率仅低于[[阿茲海默症|阿尔茨海默病]](AD)。 <ref name="Fing2016">{{Cite journal|title=Frontotemporal Dementias. |journal=Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) |date=April 2016 |volume=22 |issue=2 Dementia |doi=10.1212/CON.0000000000000300 |pmid=27042904|last=Finger|first=EC|page=464-89}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFFinger2016">Finger, EC (April 2016). "Frontotemporal Dementias". ''Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)''. <b>22</b> (2 Dementia): 464–89. [[doi (identifier)|doi]]:[https://doi.org/10.1212%2FCON.0000000000000300 10.1212/CON.0000000000000300]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27042904 27042904].</cite></ref> 好发年龄是40 到 60 岁。 <ref name="Fing2016">{{cite journal |last1=Finger |first1=EC |title=Frontotemporal Dementias. |journal=Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) |date=April 2016 |volume=22 |issue=2 Dementia |pages=464-89 |doi=10.1212/CON.0000000000000300 |pmid=27042904}}</ref>男女发病概率相同。 <ref name="Fing2016">{{cite journal |last1=Finger |first1=EC |title=Frontotemporal Dementias. |journal=Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) |date=April 2016 |volume=22 |issue=2 Dementia |pages=464-89 |doi=10.1212/CON.0000000000000300 |pmid=27042904}}</ref> 1892 年阿诺德·皮克 (Arnold Pick) 首次描述了该病，因此额颞叶痴呆症最初被称为''皮克病''。目前皮克病专指行为异常型额颞叶痴呆 (bvFTD)。 <ref name="NIA2020">{{Cite web|title=What are the Different Types of Frontotemporal Disorders?|url=https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/types-frontotemporal-disorders|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709165659/https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/types-frontotemporal-disorders|archive-date=9 July 2021|access-date=1 November 2020|website=National Institute on Aging|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Card2010">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cardarelli R, Kertesz A, Knebl JA|title=Frontotemporal dementia: a review for primary care physicians|journal=Am Fam Physician|volume=82|issue=11|date=December 2010|pmid=21121521|url=http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|access-date=2014-08-31|archive-date=2021-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304184746/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html|url-status=live|page=1372–7}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFCardarelliKerteszKnebl2010">Cardarelli R, Kertesz A, Knebl JA (December 2010). [http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html "Frontotemporal dementia: a review for primary care physicians"]. ''Am Fam Physician''. <b>82</b> (11): 1372–7. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21121521 21121521]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210304184746/https://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/1201/p1372.html Archived] from the original on 2021-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-31</span></span>.</cite></ref>


== 参考文献 ==
== 参考文献 ==

2023年4月27日 (四) 07:26的版本

额颞叶痴呆症( FTD ) 是一组累及额叶和颞叶的痴呆症[1] [2]。 主要症状一般是行为或语言 能力的改变[2]。可能包括人格的改变、缺乏同情心、重复性行为、词汇量减少和语言理解能力下降[1] [3]。这些症状早期缓慢出现并在数年内恶化[4]。记忆和运动功能通常不受影响[1]。

该病病因不明[5]。风险因素包括痴呆症家族史、头外伤和甲状腺疾病[2] [3]。病理机制涉及神经元的损失，特别是纺锤体神经元的损失[3] [6]。额颞叶痴呆症有多种类型，其中三种主要的临床表型为行为异常型额颞叶痴呆 (bvFTD) ，语义性痴呆(svPPA) 和进行性非流利失语(nfvPPA)。后二者是原发性进行性失语症的两种亚型 [2] [7]。与额颞叶痴呆症相关的运动功能障碍疾病有进行性核上性麻痹、皮质基底节综合征和 FTD 伴肌萎缩侧索硬化症(FTD-ALS)[4]。

额颞叶痴呆症没有特定的治疗方法[5]。社会支持、行为治疗和言语治疗 等可以帮助管理额颞叶痴呆症的症状[3]。一些药物， 包括SSRIs 、抗精神病药和加兰他敏也可能会改善症状[5]。许多治疗方法正在研究中[3]。诊断后的平均预期寿命为 7.5 年[3]。

每年每十万40岁、50岁以及60岁人中，额颞叶痴呆症的新发病例分别是2人、3人 以及9人 [3]。65 岁以下人群中的发病率仅低于阿尔茨海默病(AD)[4]。 好发年龄是40 到 60 岁[4]。男女发病概率相同[4]。 1892 年阿诺德·皮克 (Arnold Pick) 首次描述了该病，因此额颞叶痴呆症最初被称为皮克病。目前皮克病专指行为异常型额颞叶痴呆 (bvFTD)[8] [5]。

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 ICD-11 - Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. icd.who.int. [2020-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2018-08-01）. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Sivasathiaseelan, H; Marshall, CR; Agustus, JL; et al. Frontotemporal Dementia: A Clinical Review.. Seminars in Neurology. April 2019, 39 (2): 251–263 [2020-12-30]. PMID 30925617. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1683379. （原始内容存档于2021-08-28）. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Khan, I; De Jesus, O. Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia. January 2021. PMID 32644712. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Finger, EC. Frontotemporal Dementias.. Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.). April 2016, 22 (2 Dementia): 464-89. PMID 27042904. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000300. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Cardarelli R, Kertesz A, Knebl JA. Frontotemporal dementia: a review for primary care physicians. Am Fam Physician. December 2010, 82 (11): 1372–7 [2014-08-31]. PMID 21121521. （原始内容存档于2021-03-04）. 
  6. ^ Brain Cells for Socializing. Smithsonian. [30 October 2015]. （原始内容存档于22 March 2021）. 
  7. ^ What is frontotemporal dementia. Dementia UK. [19 October 2020]. （原始内容存档于17 April 2021）. 
  8. ^ What are the Different Types of Frontotemporal Disorders?. National Institute on Aging. [1 November 2020]. （原始内容存档于9 July 2021） （英语）. 
取自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=額顳葉失智症&oldid=76995101”